Collective dynamics of the unbalanced three-level Dicke model

Abstract

We study a three-level Dicke model in V configuration under both closed and open conditions. With independently tunable corotating and counterrotating coupling strength of the interaction Hamiltonian, this model is a generalization of the standard Dicke model that features multiple distinct parameter regimes. Based on a mean-field approach and third quantization analysis, it is found that the system exhibits rich quantum phase behaviors, including distinct superradiant fixed points, multiphase coexistence, and limit-cycle oscillation. In particular, the cavity dissipation stabilizes a family of inverted spin-coherent steady states whose stability region can be enlarged or reduced by properly tuning the imbalance between the corotating and counterrotating interactions. This property provides a conceptually different scenario to prepare the coherent atomic state with high fidelity.