Collective dynamics and entanglement of two distant atoms embedded into single-negative index material.

Abstract

We study the dynamics of two two-level atoms embedded near to the interface of paired meta-material slabs, one of negative permeability and the other of negative permittivity. This combination generates a strong surface plasmon field at the interface between the meta-materials. It is found that the symmetric and antisymmetric modes of the two-atom system couple to the plasmonic field with different Rabi frequencies. Including the Ohmic losses of the materials we find that the Rabi frequencies exhibit threshold behaviour which distinguish between the non-Markovian (memory preserving) and Markovian (memoryless) regimes of the evolution. Moreover, it is found that significantly different dynamics occur for the resonant and an off-resonant couplings of the plasmon field to the atoms. In the case of the resonant coupling, the field does not appear as a dissipative reservoir to the atoms. We adopt the image method and show that the dynamics of the two atoms coupled to the plasmon field are analogous to the dynamics of a four-atom system in a rectangular configuration. A large and long living entanglement mediated by the plasmonic field in both Markovian and non-Markovian regimes of the evolution is predicted. We also show that a simultaneous Markovian and non-Markovian regime of the evolution may occur in which the memory effects exist over a finite evolution time. In the case of an off-resonant coupling of the atoms to the plasmon field, the atoms interact with each other by exchanging virtual photons which results in the dynamics corresponding to those of two atoms coupled to a common reservoir. In addition, the entanglement is significantly enhanced.