Abstract
The territory that now forms the Soviet Central Asian economic region was annexed by Tsarist Russia in the second half of the nineteenth century. The present national boundaries were drawn in the decade following the Soviet Revolution. Although the criteria of delimitation were linguistic and cultural each of the republics is in reality today a multinational entity. The region consists of four republics: Uzbekistan (14.5 million people in 1977), Tajikistan (3.6 million), Kirghizia (3.4 million) and Turkmenistan (2.7 million). Together the four republics have a territory of 1.3 million square kilometres. The average population density of 19 per square kilometre is misleading. Vast parts of the region consist of desert or mountains where very few people live. In the fertile river basin the density of population frequently exceeds 200 per square kilometre.
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