Collecting Multi-type and Correlation-Constrained Streaming Sensor Data with Local Differential Privacy

Abstract

Local differential privacy (LDP) is a promising privacy model for distributed data collection. It has been widely deployed in real-world systems (e.g. Chrome, iOS, macOS). In LDP-based mechanisms, an aggregator collects private values perturbed by each user and then analyses these values to estimate their statistics, such as frequency and mean. Most existing works focus on simple scalar value types, such as boolean and categorical values. However, with the emergence of smart sensors and Internet of Things, high-dimensional data are gaining increasing popularity. In many cases where more than one type of sensor data are collected simultaneously, correlations exist between various attributes of such data, e.g. temperature and luminance. To ensure LDP for high-dimensional data, existing solutions either partition the privacy budget ϵ among these correlated attributes or adopt sampling, both of which dilute the density of useful information and thus result in poor data utility. In this paper, we propose a relaxed LDP model, namely, univariate dominance local differential privacy (UDLDP), for high-dimensional data. We quantify the correlations between attributes and present a correlation-bounded perturbation (CBP) mechanism that optimizes the partitioning of privacy budget on each correlated attribute. Furthermore, we extend CBP to support sampling, which is a common bandwidth reduction technique in sensor networks and Internet of Things. We derive the best allocation strategy of sampling probabilities among attributes in terms of data utility, which leads to the correlation-bounded perturbation mechanism with sampling (CBPS). Finally, we discuss how to collect and leverage the correlation from real-time data stream with a by-round algorithm to enhance the utility. The performance of the proposed mechanisms is evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art LDP mechanisms on real-world and synthetic datasets.