Abstract
We predict the existence of novel collapse and revival oscillations that are a distinctive signature of the short-range off-diagonal coherence. Starting with an atomic Mott state in a one-dimensional optical lattice, suddenly raising the lattice depth freezes particle–hole pairs in place and induces phase oscillations. The peak of the quasi-momentum distribution, revealed through time-of-flight interference, oscillates between a maximum occupation at zero quasi-momentum (the Γ point) and the edge of the Brillouin zone. We show that the population enhancements at the edge of the Brillouin zone are due to short-range coherence due to particle–hole pairs, and we find similar effects for fermions and Bose–Fermi mixtures in a lattice. Our results open a new dynamic probe for strongly correlated many-body states with short-range phase coherence that is distinct from the matter–wave collapse and revivals previously observed in the long-range coherent superfluid regime.
Highlights
We predict the existence of novel collapse and revival oscillations that are a distinctive signature of the short-range off-diagonal coherence associated with particle-hole pairs in Mott insulator states
In this Letter, we show that collapse-and-revival occurs for quenched Mott insulator (MI) states, for both lattice bosons, fermions, and mixtures
For a 1D optical lattice, the quasimomentum distribution oscillates between maximum occupations at quasi-momentum k = 0 and at the edge of the Brillouin zone. (Here = h/(2π) and h is Planck’s constant.) the normalized difference in the two populations, which is conventionally defined as the “visibility” of the condensate, becomes negative, in sharp contrast to the behavior of quenched superfluids
Summary
We predict the existence of novel collapse and revival oscillations that are a distinctive signature of the short-range off-diagonal coherence associated with particle-hole pairs in Mott insulator states. The opposite approach, starting in a SF regime with small U/J and quenching to large U/J gives the collapse-and-revival (CR) oscillations of matter-wave phase coherence observed in Refs. In this Letter, we show that collapse-and-revival occurs for quenched MI states, for both lattice bosons, fermions, and mixtures.
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