Collagen Extract Derived from Yeonsan Ogye Chicken Increases Bone Microarchitecture by Suppressing the RANKL/OPG Ratio via the JNK Signaling Pathway.

Kaudjhis Patrick Ulrich N’Deh,Han-Seok Yoo,Jeung Hee An,Kwon-Jai Lee,Kang-Hyun Chung,Jin A Yoon,Dong-Hee Kim

doi:10.3390/nu12071967

Kaudjhis Patrick Ulrich N’Deh, Han-Seok Yoo + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071967

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Abstract

Yeonsan Ogye is a traditional Korean chicken breed (Gallus domesticus, GD), with a dominant gene for fibromelanosis, showing entirely black fluffy head feathers, ear lobes, and pupils. GD collagen extract (78.6 g per 100 g total protein) was derived from the flesh of Yeonsan Ogye. The effects of GD collagen on bone mass, microarchitecture, osteogenic, osteoclastogenic differentiations, and function factor expression were investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. GD collagen stimulated osteogenesis in OVX rats and increased tibial bone strength and calcium content. Micro-computed tomography analysis of tibia cross-sections revealed that GD collagen attenuated the OVX-induced changes in trabecular thickness, spacing, and number. GD collagen stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity, bone-specific matrix proteins (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, collagen type I (COL-I)) and mineralization by activating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5 (SMAD5)/runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). GD collagen inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function gene markers (TRAP, cathepsin K) by interfering with the Wnt signaling, increasing OPG production, and reducing the expression of RANKL, TRAP, and cathepsin K. GD collagen promoted osteogenesis by activating the p38 signal pathway and prevented osteoclastogenesis by lowering the RANKL/OPG ratio and blocking the JNK signaling pathway. Dietary supplementation with GD collagen might inhibit osteoclastogenesis, stimulate osteoblastogenesis, and regulate bone metabolism.

Highlights

Bone is a highly mineralized connective tissue that continually undergoes resorption of the bone matrix by osteoclasts and deposition of the osteoid matrix by osteoblasts to maintain the skeleton’s structural integrity [1,2]
In the negative control group, TRAP-positive osteoclasts were mainly detected in the tibial subchondral bone marrow space, as compared to the other groups. These results showed that the GD collagen diet increased the bone levels of osteogenesis-related proteins, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), RUNX2, Wnt3a, osteocalcin, and COL-1, and suppressed the mRNA expression of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis in vivo
The results from all GD collagen dosages were more efficient than those of the positive control group. These findings suggested that GD collagen might drive the Rankl/Opg ratio to inhibit the mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated genes in vivo

Summary

Introduction

Bone is a highly mineralized connective tissue that continually undergoes resorption of the bone matrix by osteoclasts and deposition of the osteoid matrix (containing ~90% of collagen type I) by osteoblasts to maintain the skeleton’s structural integrity [1,2]. Imbalance triggered by increasing bone matrix resorption, without corresponding new bone tissue formation, can lead to bone loss, quality deterioration, microarchitecture, and osteoporosis [3]. Traditional first-line prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures, such as hormone replacement therapy, have several side effects in chronic use [4,5]. Therapeutic agents in osteoporosis, such as bisphosphonates and modulators of estrogen and estrogen receptors, delay bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity or differentiation; they showed. Interest is growing in alternative therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Preferred for having fewer side effects, natural products include traditional Chinese medicine, herbal treatments, vitamins D and C, and collagen extract

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