Collaborative operation optimization and benefit-sharing strategy of rural hybrid renewable energy systems based on a circular economy: A Nash bargaining model

Abstract

Rural Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (RHRES) have the potential to assist in the realization of an energy circular economy. Considering the circular economy concept, the study establishes a multi-participant collaborative operation mode and benefit cycle mechanism based on Nash bargaining theory. The alternating direction method of multipliers is used to decompose the model into the alliance benefit maximization and the energy trading payment bargaining for a distributed solution. Our results show that the increase in benefits for each participant is 11.96%, 66.31%, and 8.06%, respectively. It is verified that the model can consider the interests of both participants and alliances. At the same time, the energy trading strategy of each participant can ensure the use of the price difference of the time-sharing tariff to obtain value-added revenue. The proposed RHRES multi-participant collaborative operation optimization model realizes the energy cycle of the rural energy system, and the value-added cycle of economic benefits in each subject is realized simultaneously.