Collaborative configuration for distributed energy storages and cyber systems in low‐voltage distribution networks with high penetration of PV systems

Abstract

Energy storage systems (ESSs) have recently been incorporated into low-voltage distribution networks (DNs) for promoting hosting capacity of photovoltaic (PV) systems. On the other hand, applications of information communications technologies enhance the self-regulation ability of LVDNs and are playing an important role to resolve integration problems of PV systems. Although the two aspects influence each other, they are generally configured separately in LVDNs. This study proposes a collaborative configuration scheme based on a bi-level optimisation model for distributed ESSs and cyber systems in LVDNs with high penetration of PV systems. In the upper level, the ESSs and wireless control terminals are deployed to minimise investment and operation cost with consideration of specific control of ESSs. In the lower level, communication topology is further optimised according to the upper-level results to promote control performance and balance communication topology complexity. The economy and effectiveness of the proposed configuration scheme are demonstrated by comparing with separated cyber and physical configuration schemes in case studies.