Abstract
The transition model from centralistic to decentralization government influences planning processes in Indonesia. It demands stakeholder’s collaboration to facilitate broad participation and coordination among sectors and regions. The following article examines the theoretical foundation, opportunities, and challenges of collaboration approach on coastal and marine spatial planning (CMSP) in Indonesia. A literature study has been engaged to reveal the theoretical foundation of a collaborative approach for CMSP. Based on the exploration, a collaborative approach is unavoidable to cope with the nature of the problem in CMSP. This approach has a bright future due to the global support and political era of democracy. However, in practice, there are still a number of obstacles ranging from bad communication among actors to low knowledge and awareness of sustainability issues.
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