Collaboration of thermal sensors and drones in fighting wildfires; Mathematical model and heuristic approach

Abstract

The forest temperature is monitored utilizing thermal sensors. In the event of a temperature increase, these sensors promptly notify firefighters, enabling timely intervention against fires. Drones offer a potential solution for fire containment by swiftly addressing them in their nascent stages, as identified by temperature fluctuations detected by these sensors. Alternatively, if left unchecked, the situation may necessitate protracted aerial operations like the deployment of fixed-wing air tankers, helicopters, smokejumpers, and rappellers. Regrettably, such measures consume invaluable time that could be better spent combating the blaze. Recent literature on wildfires underscores the significance of collaborative approaches and the seamless integration of contemporary technologies in mitigating the expenses associated with forest fires. This study builds upon the temperature data acquired through thermal sensors to propose an all-encompassing mathematical framework designed to identify and facilitate the early extinguishment of fires using drones. The initial step involves formulating the problem through a mixed-integer linear programming model. To solve the model within expansive dimensions, a heuristic approach inspired by Clark and Wright is posited. The efficacy of this algorithm is gauged through the resolution of diverse scenarios. Promisingly, the results show the viability of collaboration of thermal sensors and drones to accurately pinpoint and extinguish forest fires. The outcomes underscore not only the protective capabilities of the suggested methodology but also its cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the approach's pioneering nature is underscored as it offers a fiscally prudent strategy that rapidly curbs uncontrollable fires.