Abstract
Colitis is a common gastrointestinal illness that carries high morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit. In critically ill patients, colitis can be a primary process or secondary result from their presenting illness. The etiology of the colitis ranges from infectious (bacterial, viral, and the most common gastrointestinal infection hospitalized patients Clostridium difficile), ischemic insult (both occlusive and nonocclusive disease), and finally inflammatory bowel disease. This chapter goes over the background, work-up and diagnosis, and finally treatment options and strategies for the most common etiologies that afflict this population of severely ill patients. This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, and 79 references. Keywords:colectomy, colitis, diarrhea, fecal transplant, hematochezia, ischemia, inflammation, vancomycin, Clostridium difficile
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