Colistin Resistance and ESBL Production in Salmonella and Escherichia coli from Pigs and Pork in the Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar Border Area.

Khin Khin Lay,Sunpetch Angkititrakul,Ransiya Prathan,Rungtip Chuanchuen,Kyaw Phyoe Sunn,Songsak Srisanga,Saharuetai Jeamsripong

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10060657

Abstract

The study aimed to examine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL-production and colistin resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli from pigs and pork in the border area among Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. Salmonella (n = 463) and E. coli (n = 767) isolates were collected from pig rectal swab from slaughterhouses (n = 441) and pork from retail markets (n = 368) during October 2017 and March 2018. All were determined for susceptibility to colistin and cephalosporins, ESBL production and mcr and ESBL genes. Salmonella was predominantly found in Cambodia (65.8%). Serovars Rissen (35.6%) and Anatum (15.3%) were the most common. The E. coli prevalence in pork was above 91% in all countries. Colistin-resistance rate in E. coli (10.4%) was significantly higher than Salmonella (2.6%). ESBL-producing Salmonella (1.9%) and E. coli (6.3%) were detected. The blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-14 were identified. The mcr-1 gene was detected in Salmonella (n = 12) and E. coli (n = 68). The mcr-1/blaCTX-M-55 and mcr-3/blaCTX-M-55 co-concurrence was observed in one Salmonella and three E. coli isolates, respectively. In conclusion, pigs and pork serve as carriers of colistin and new generation cephalosporins resistance. Testing for resistance to last line antibiotics should be included in national AMR surveillance program using One Health approach.

Highlights

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacterial pathogens has escalated and become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]
Resistance to cephalosporins have been increasingly reported in humans and animals [7,8] and role of livestock as important sources of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers potentially spread to humans through the food chain was highlighted [9]
This study aimed to examine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL-production and colistin resistance in Salmonella and E. coli isolated from pigs and pork in the border area between Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar

Summary

Introduction

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacterial pathogens has escalated and become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. ESBL-encoding genes are primarily located on plasmid that can be horizontally transferred to inter and intra bacterial species

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion