台灣福山地區三種埋葬蟲的分布與尼泊爾埋葬蟲（Coleoptera: Silphidae）的族群動態

Abstract

This study investigated the habitat distribution and seasonal activity of three carrion beetle species in the Fushan area of Taiwan. It also estimated the population dynamics of Nicrophorus nepalensis using the mark and recapture method. The results showed that a significant spatial and temporal niche separation existed between Calosilpha cyaneocephala and N. nepalensis. Calosilpha cyaneocephala prefered to be active in meadows in the summer, but N. nepalensis was more active in forests in the spring and the autumn. Calosilpha cyaneocephala, Nicrophorus concolor and N. nepalensis showed later activity periods in Ayushan at higher altitudes of 1200 to 1300 m above sea level, compared to Fushan at lower altitudes of 600 to 800 m above sea level. Calosilpha cyaneocephala and N. nepalensis captured in Ayushan had significantly wider protonum than those from Fushan. The bodies of male C. cyaneocephala beetles were significantly larger than females from Fushan or Ayushan. No significant difference in body size was observed between male and female N. nepalensis beetles in Fushan, although the pronotum width of females was greater than that of males in Ayushan. Three peak values were identified for captured buried N. nepalensis beetles in 2002, but the population size estimated using the Jolly method varied little, except for a peak in early April. Based on the generation time required (44 ±1.04 days at 20°C with 11 h of daylight), the peak for newly emerged N. nepalensis beetles in mid-April may correspond to the captured adult peak at the end of February. The median moving distance of N. nepalensis was 174.4 m in 4 days. No population exchange between Fushan and Ayushan was found.