Abstract

Knowing the natural history of ulcerative colitis (UC) is essential to understand the course of the disease, assess the impact of different treatment strategies and identify poor prognostic factors. One of the most significant matters in this regard is the need for surgery. To analyse the Colectomy Incidence Rate (CIR) from diagnosis to end of follow-up (31/12/2017) and identify predictive factors for colectomy. A retrospective study enrolling patients with a definitive diagnosis (DD) of UC or Unclassified Colitis (UnC) in the 2001−03 Navarra cohort. We enrolled 174 patients with a DD of UC (E2 42.8%; E3 26.6%) and 5 patients with a DD of UnC: 44.1% women, median age 39.2 years (range 7–88) and median follow-up 15.7 years. A total of 8 patients underwent surgery (CIR 3 colectomies/103 patient-years: 3 at initial diagnosis (<1 month), 2 in the first 2 years, 2 at 5 years from diagnosis and 1 at 12 years from diagnosis. All had previously received steroids; 5 had received immunomodulators and 2 had received biologics. In 7 patients (87%), surgery was performed on an emergency basis. The indication was megacolon in 3 (37.5%), severe flare-up in 3 (37.5%) and medical treatment failure in 2 (25%). In 5 cases (62.5%), an ileoanal pouch was made, and in 3 cases, a definitive ileostomy was performed. In the univariate analysis, patients with loss of more than 5 kg at diagnosis and admission at diagnosis had a lower rate of colectomy-free survival. In our series, colectomy rates are lower than usually reported. Most colectomies were performed in the first 5 years following diagnosis and had an emergency indication. Conocer la historia natural de la colitis ulcerosa (CU) es esencial para entender la evolución de la enfermedad, evaluar el impacto de las distintas estrategias terapéuticas e identificar factores de mal pronóstico. Uno de los aspectos más relevantes, en este sentido, es la necesidad de cirugía. Analizar la Tasa de Incidencia de Colectomía (TIC) desde el diagnóstico hasta el fin de seguimiento (31-12-2017) e identificar factores predictivos de colectomía. Estudio retrospectivo que incluye los pacientes con diagnóstico definitivo (DD) de CU o Colitis Inclasificable (CI) en la cohorte Navarra 2001−03. Incluimos 174 pacientes con DD de CU (E2 42,8%–E3 26,6%) y 5 de CI: 44,1% mujeres, mediana edad 39,2 años (rango 7–88), mediana de seguimiento 15,7 años. Se intervienen 8 pacientes (TIC 3 colectomías/10 3 pac/a): 3 al debut (<1 mes), 2 en los primeros 2 años, 2 a los 5 años y 1 a los 12 años de evolución. Todos habían recibido esteroides, 5 inmunomoduladores y 2 biológicos. En 7 (87%) la cirugía fue urgente y la indicación, megacolon en 3 (37,5%), brote grave en 3 (37’5%) y fallo a tratamiento médico en 2 (25%). En 5 casos (62,5%) se realizó un reservorio ileoanal y en 3 ileostomía definitiva. En el análisis univariante los pacientes con pérdida >5 kg e ingreso al debut presentaron una menor supervivencia libre de colectomía. En nuestra serie, las tasas de colectomía son más bajas que las comunicadas habitualmente, mayoritariamente se realizan en los primeros 5 años de evolución y se indican con carácter urgente.

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