Cold-induced aggregation microextraction based on ionic liquids and fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry of cobalt in water samples

Abstract

A new simple and rapid cold-induced aggregation microextraction (CIAME) method was applied to preconcentrate cobalt(II) ions from water samples as a prior step to its determination by fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry (FO-LADS). In this method, very small amounts of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Hmim][PF 6] and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [Hmim][Tf 2N] as hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) and extractant solvents were dissolved in the sample solution containing Triton X-114 (anti-sticking agent). 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) was chosen as the complexing agent. After dissolving, the solution was cooled in the ice bath and a cloudy solution was formed of IL fine droplets due to the decrease of IL solubility. After centrifuging, the fine droplets of extractant phase were settled to the bottom of the conical-bottom centrifuge tube. Analysis was carried out by a fiber optic-linear array detector spectrophotometer at 570 nm. In this method, which is robust against high content of salt and water-miscible organic solvents, various parameters were investigated and optimized. The applicability of the technique was evaluated by the determination of trace amounts of cobalt in several water samples. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.14 ng mL −1 and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for 30 ng mL −1 cobalt was 2.32%.