Cold spot mapping inferred from MRI at time of failure predicts biopsy-proven local failure after permanent seed brachytherapy in prostate cancer patients: Implications for focal salvage brachytherapy

Abstract

Background and purpose(1) To establish a method to evaluate dosimetry at the time of primary prostate permanent implant (pPPI) using MRI of the shrunken prostate at the time of failure (tf).(2) To compare cold spot mapping with sextant-biopsy mapping at tf. Material and methodsTwenty-four patients were referred for biopsy-proven local failure (LF) after pPPI. Multiparametric MRI and combined-sextant biopsy with a central review of the pathology at tf were systematically performed.A model of the shrinking pattern was defined as a Volumetric Change Factor (VCF) as a function of time from time of pPPI (t0). An isotropic expansion to both prostate volume (PV) and seed position (SP) coordinates determined at tf was performed using a validated algorithm using the VCF. ResultspPPI CT-based evaluation (at 4weeks) vs. MR-based evaluation: Mean D90% was 145.23±19.16Gy [100.0–167.5] vs. 85.28±27.36Gy [39–139] (p=0.001), respectively. Mean V100% was 91.6±7.9% [70–100%] vs. 73.1±13.8% [55–98%] (p=0.0006), respectively. Seventy-seven per cent of the pathologically positive sextants were classified as cold. ConclusionsPatients with biopsy-proven LF had poorer implantation quality when evaluated by MRI several years after implantation. There is a strong relationship between microscopic involvement at tf and cold spots.