Abstract
AbstractCold sintered, Li2MoO4‐based ceramics have recently been touted as candidates for electronic packaging and low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology but MoO3 is an expensive and endangered raw material, not suited for large scale commercialization. Here, we present cold sintered temperature‐stable composites based on LiMgPO4 (LMP) in which the Mo (and Li) concentration has been reduced, thereby significantly decreasing raw material costs. Optimum compositions, 0.5LMP‐0.1CaTiO3‐0.4K2MoO4 (LMP‐CTO‐KMO), achieved 97% density at <300°C and 600 MPa for 60 minutes. Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray mapping confirmed the coexistence of end‐members, LMP, CTO, and KMO, with no interdiffusion and parasitic phases. Composites exhibited temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ~ –6 ppm/°C, relative permittivity ~9.1, and Q × f values ~8500 GHz, properties suitable for LTCC technology and competitive with commercial incumbents.
Highlights
With the rapid development of wireless communications such as Wi-Fi, “Internet of Things”, and 5th generation (5G), the use of microwave (MW) dielectric ceramics in the manufacture of radio frequency (RF) components, such as filters, resonators, antennas, and substrates,[1−5] has dramatically increased
These limitations have led to the development of low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCCs, 700°C-950°C) and ultralow temperature cofired ceramics (ULTCCs, 400 ~ 700°C),[10−13] with many potential new materials for low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) and ULTCC technology reported in systems based on molybdates, borates, phosphates, and tungstates.[14−24]
Cold sintering is a radical departure in sintering technology in comparison with LTCC and ULTCC and employs an aqueous phase and uniaxial pressure to densify ceramics at
Summary
With the rapid development of wireless communications such as Wi-Fi, “Internet of Things”, and 5G, the use of microwave (MW) dielectric ceramics in the manufacture of radio frequency (RF) components, such as filters, resonators, antennas, and substrates,[1−5] has dramatically increased. Traditional MW ceramics are sintered at high temperature (T > 1000°C) to impart strength, integrity, and to optimize the required physical properties,[6−9] but energy consumption and associated carbon emissions are substantial and high T limits the integration of low cost metal electrodes (Ag) and polymers. These limitations have led to the development of low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCCs, 700°C-950°C) and ultralow temperature cofired ceramics (ULTCCs, 400 ~ 700°C),[10−13] with many potential new materials for LTCC and ULTCC technology reported in systems based on molybdates, borates, phosphates, and tungstates.[14−24].
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