Abstract
The aims of this study were to characterize and compare cold pressed and fully refined winterized corn oils. Free fatty acidity (FFA), peroxide (PV) and p-anisidin (p-AV) values, saponification number, total carotenoid and phenolic contents of cold pressed corn oils were higher than that of the refined winterized corn oils. Linoleic and oleic acids (approximately 53-54% and 30-31%, respectively) were detected as the major fatty acids in both oil samples. Fifteen different sterols with a majority of β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol were quantified in both oil samples. Although phenolic compounds were not quantified in the refined winterized oil samples, some flavonoids (hesperidin, rutin) and phenolic acids (gallic, syringic, rosmaniric and trans-ferulic) were detected in the cold pressed oil samples. This study concludes that cold pressed corn oils could be superior in terms of bioactive compounds but still need some quality improvements for sensory attributes.
Highlights
Corn or maize (Zea mays L.) is botanically an annual plant belonging to the grass (Poaceae) family
This study proved that good quality cold pressed corn oils can be produced from clean and dry corn germ materials
Most physical and chemical properties of cold pressed and fully refined corn oils were very similar, but some important differences exist for color, turbidity, and nutritionally important components like sterols, a-tocopherol, and phenolic compounds
Summary
Corn or maize (Zea mays L.) is botanically an annual plant belonging to the grass (Poaceae) family. It originated in Mesoamerica, and is currently cultivated all over the world. The major corn producing countries are United States, China, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, India, France and Argentina. It was indicated that in 2016, 1.01 billion metric tons of corn were produced and more than 159 million hectares were used for corn cultivation. It was indicated that production continually increases each year (Strecker et al, 1996; Anonymous, 2015a). In 2014, total corn and corn oil production in Turkey reached 64.618 tons and 20.362 tons, respectively (Anonymous, 2015b)
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