Cold Potassium Cardioplegia versus Topical Hypothermia and Intermittent Aortic Occlusion for Myocardial Protection during Coronary Artery Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Study

Abstract

The effect of two different myocardial preservation techniques on perioperative myocardial necrosis during coronary artery bypass surgery was assessed by serial myocardial creatine kinase determinations in 100 consecutive patients operated on by the same surgeon. Topical hypothermia with cold potassium cardioplegia was used randomly in 50 patients (group 1), and topical hypothermia with local interruption of the coronary circulation was used in the other 50 patients (group 2). Myocardial creatine kinase was measured by column chromatography every 6 hours for 36 hours after surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, functional class, extent of coronary artery disease, number of bypassed arteries, ejection fraction, or cardiopulmonary bypass time. Myocardial creatine kinase release (mean ± standard error of the mean) was 193 ± 33 IU/L × hours in group 1 patients operated on with cardioplegia and 210 ± 31 IU/L × hours in group 2 patients operated on with topical hypothermia ( p > 0.5). Myocardial creatine kinase peaks were 9.2 ± 1.9 IU/L and 10.0 ± 1.6 IU/L, respectively ( p > 0.5). Perioperative myocardial infarction, as defined by serum enzyme activity and electrocardiographic criteria, occurred in 4 patients in group 1 and 3 patients in group 2. Thus, the addition of cardioplegia to topical hypothermia, although perhaps offering technical advantages, does not appear to improve myocardial protection over topical hypothermia with local interruption of the coronary circulation during coronary artery bypass surgery.