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Abstract
Cold gas spraying was used to make a coating from an equiatomic CrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy. This four-component alloy was chosen because it is Co-free, thus allowing application in nuclear industries as a possible replacement of currently used stainless steel coatings. The feedstock material was gas atomized powder with a particle size distribution from 20 to 45 µm. A number of parameters were tested, such as the powder feed rate and gas feed pressure, in order to obtain as dense a coating as possible with nitrogen as the process gas. Spraying was performed using a gas preheating temperature of 1000 °C, gas feed pressure ranging from 50 to 60 bar, and two powder feeding rates. The coating thicknesses ranging from 230 to 490 µm and porosities ranging from 3% to 10% were obtained depending on the powder feed rate and gas feed pressure. The hardness of the cross-section of the coating was usually lower than that of the surface. The highest coating hardness obtained was above 300 HV0.3 for both the surface and the cross-section. The as-atomized powder consisted of a face-centered cubic (FCC) phase with a minute amount of body-centered cubic (BCC) phase, which was no longer detectable in the coatings. The microstructure of the coating was highly stressed due to the high degree of deformation occurring in cold gas spraying. The deformation leads to strain hardening and induces a pronounced texture in the coating. The {111} planes tend to align along the coating surface, with deformation and texturing concentrating mainly on particle boundaries. A high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating was successfully sprayed for the first time using nitrogen as a process gas. The coating has the potential to replace stainless steel coatings in nuclear industry applications.
Highlights
High-entropy alloys (HEA) were first proposed by Yeh et al [1] in 2004 as a multicomponent alloy consisting of equal amount of each element
Cold gas spraying was used to make a coating from an equiatomic CrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy
The as-atomized powder consisted of a face-centered cubic (FCC) phase with a minute amount of body-centered cubic (BCC)
Summary
High-entropy alloys (HEA) were first proposed by Yeh et al [1] in 2004 as a multicomponent alloy consisting of equal amount of each element. The first discovered HEA was CoCrFeNiMn by Cantor et al [2]. Even with the presence of multiple elements in equiatomic concentrations, most HEAs have a simple cubic single phase microstructure [3]. Many interesting properties including high strength, high ductility, the sluggish diffusion of alloying atoms, and radiation resistance among others were found in these alloys [4]. Multiple HEA systems have been studied, but CoCrFeNiMn, known as the Cantor alloy, remains the most studied. Wu et al [5]
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