Abstract
Abstract Water as the welding environment determines some essential problems influencing steel weldability. Underwater welding of high strength steel joints causes increase susceptibility to cold cracking, which is an effect of much faster heat transfer from the weld area and presence of diffusible hydrogen causing increased metal fragility. The paper evaluates the susceptibility to cold cracking of the high strength S355G10+N steel used, among others, for ocean engineering and hydrotechnical structures, which require underwater welding. It has been found from the CTS test results that the investigated steel is susceptible to cold cracking in the wet welding process.
Highlights
The most often used form of underwater welding is wet welding, during which the welding arc and the created welded joint have direct contact with water
The following aspects may be considered the most important steel weldability limiting factors in wet welding [1,2,7,8,9,10,11]: - rapid cooling rate caused by accelerated heat abstraction from the arc external zone and the weld area
This leads to formation of brittle hardened structures. - increased diffusible hydrogen content, which is an effect of presence of water vapour surrounding the electric arc
Summary
The most often used form of underwater welding is wet welding, during which the welding arc and the created welded joint have direct contact with water. The following aspects may be considered the most important steel weldability limiting factors in wet welding [1,2,7,8,9,10,11]: - rapid cooling rate caused by accelerated heat abstraction from the arc external zone and the weld area. This leads to formation of brittle hardened structures. As the underwater welding works, during repair of failures and damage, require making joints with fillet welds, the CTS [17] test should be used for evaluation of steel susceptibility to cold cracking. The tested steel is characterised by a relatively low carbon equivalent value (below 0.45%), which indicates good weldability in air environment with the use of low hydrogen processes
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