“Cold Card” to Guide Responders in the Assessment and Care of Cold-Exposed Patients

Abstract

A concise, easy-to-use decision aid "Cold Card" that can be carried in the field by wilderness search and rescue teams or medical responders to advise on assessment and care of cold-exposed patients was created. A 2-sided card was designed to summarize the important principles established by the Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for hypothermia. The card was continually updated through feedback from several content experts. The card was then distributed for further feedback from members of the Search and Rescue Volunteer Association of Canada and enrollees of the Baby It's Cold Outside web-based educational program. This additional feedback was used to create the final iteration of the card. On the front "ASSESS COLD PATIENT" side, the level of cold exposure or hypothermia is accomplished by evaluating (as either normal or impaired function) consciousness, movement, shivering, and alertness on a series of concentric rings. The important treatment actions are provided for each cold-exposure level. The back "CARE FOR COLD PATIENT" side provides the required elements and principles of use for a hypothermia wrap. The Cold Card is available for free download and unlimited use for education or in-field instruction by any individual or group. The card should be printed on heavy, waterproof stock (13×18 cm) for use in all weather conditions. Key elements of hypothermia evaluation and field care have been summarized on a small portable card for laypersons, trained rescuers, and first responders.