Abstract
Water bodies are being contaminated daily due to industrial, agricultural and domestic effluents. In the last decades, harmful organic micropollutants (OMPs) have been detected in surface and groundwater at low concentrations due to the discharge of untreated effluent in natural water bodies. As a consequence, aquatic life and public health are endangered. Unfortunately, traditional water treatment methods are ineffective in the degradation of most OMPs. In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) techniques have received extensive attention for the mineralization of OMPs in water in order to avoid serious environmental problems. Cold atmospheric plasma discharge-based AOPs have been proven a promising technology for the degradation of non-biodegradable organic substances like OMPs. This paper reviews a wide range of cold atmospheric plasma sources with their reactor configurations used for the degradation of OMPs (such as organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides) in wastewater. The role of plasma and treatment parameters (e.g. input power, voltage, working gas, treatment time, OMPs concentrations, etc.) on the oxidation of various OMPs are discussed. Furthermore, the degradation kinetics, intermediates compounds formed by plasma, and the synergetic effect of plasma in combination with a catalyst are also reported in this review.Graphic
Highlights
Clean water is necessary to the ecosystem, to sustain life as well as social and economic development [1,2]
Cold plasma technology-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is a fast emerging field of research aiming to eliminate a wide variety of non-biodegradable organic micropollutants (OMPs) from water
We reviewed various types of cold atmospheric plasma devices with different operating parameters employed for the degradation of different OMPs in wastewater
Summary
Clean water is necessary to the ecosystem, to sustain life as well as social and economic development [1,2]. For the removal of OMPs from wastewater several advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed including H2O2 - Fenton, UV/TiO2, O3/H2O2, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/O3, and Ultrasound [31,32,33,34] These AOPs are based on the generation of unstable strong oxidants like hydroxyl free radicals (HO· ). Ignition and sustaining of cold atmospheric pressure plasmas are more challenging due to the considerably higher breakdown voltage and set of parameters usually falling in the unfavorable region of Paschen’s curve [43,63,66,67,68] These issues have been overcome by using noble gasses as feeding gas, electrode geometry, operation frequency, type of power supply, etc. H2O2 + Fe2+ → Fe3+ + HO· + OH− TiO2 + hν → e− + h+ h+ + H2O → H+ 2O3 + H2O2 → 2 HO· + 3O2 H2O2 + UV → 2 HO · 2O3 + UV + H2O2 → 2HO· + 3O2 Ultrasound + UV + O3 → HO·
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