Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) reduces bacteria and interacts with tissues and cells, thus improving wound healing. The CAP-related induction of neutrophils was recently described in stained sections of wound tissue in mice. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the functionality of human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)/granulocytes through either a plasma-treated solution (PTS) or the direct CAP treatment with different plasma modes and treatment durations. PTS analysis yielded mode-dependent differences in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) after CAP treatment. Live-cell imaging did not show any chemo-attractive or NETosis-inducing effect on PMNs treated with PTS. The time to maximum ROS production (TmaxROS) in PMNs was reduced by PTS and direct CAP treatment. PMNs directly treated with CAP showed an altered cell migration dependent on the treatment duration as well as decreased TmaxROS without inducing apoptosis. Additionally, flow cytometry showed enhanced integrin and selectin expression, as a marker of activation, on PMN surfaces. In conclusion, the modification of PMN immunoreactivity may be a main supporting mechanism for CAP-induced improvement in wound healing.
Highlights
This study aimed to examine the modified activity and functionality of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) through either plasma-treated solutions (PTS) or direct Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment with frequencies of either 4 or 8 kHz and treatment durations of 2 or 5 min to reveal a potential supporting mechanism for improving wound healing by CAP
The PMNs were directly CAP-treated before microscopy, and the migration that may have been altered as a result was observed to reveal CAP impact on PMN migration
Our study contributes to the research on CAP interaction with PMNs
Summary
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a partially ionized gas. It contains electrons, ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and small amounts of optical emission in ultra-violet and infrared radiation ranges. CAP is becoming increasingly important in medical applications because of its noninvasiveness and fast administration as well as its broad range of applications [1]. The effects of CAP are either transmitted via direct treatment or mediated by plasma-treated solutions (PTS) [2,3,4,5]. Due to its antibacterial effect, direct CAP treatment is used for contactless disinfection of surfaces and wounds, for example [6,7]. CAP is known for its positive interactions with tissue, promoting
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