Abstract
Cold atmospheric helium plasma jets were fabricated and utilized for plasma–cell interactions. The effect of operating parameters and jet design on the generation of specific reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) within cells and cellular response were investigated. It was found that plasma treatment induced the overproduction of RONS in various cancer cell lines selectively. The plasma under a relatively low applied voltage induced the detachment of cells, a reduction in cell viability, and apoptosis, while the plasma under higher applied voltage led to cellular necrosis in our case. To determine whether plasma-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation occurs through interfering with mitochondria-related cellular response, we examined the plasma effects on ROS generation in both parental A549 cells and A549 ρ0 cells. It was observed that cancer cells were more susceptible to plasma-induced RONS (especially nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2−) radicals) than normal cells, and consequently, plasma induced apoptotic cell responses mainly in cancer cells.
Highlights
Are delivered to the cells depend on the plasma conditions controlled by the design of the source, including the configuration of the electrode
Morphological change and reduction in viability of cells (Using Jet-Type 1). Adherent cells such as prostate cancer cells adhere to culture surfaces via membrane receptors and cell adhesive proteins that reside in the serum or are secreted from the cells in culture[32]
It was observed that the cancer cells started to detach from the surface after plasma treatment (Fig. 2A)
Summary
Are delivered to the cells depend on the plasma conditions controlled by the design of the source, including the configuration of the electrode. In order to understand the role of CAP in complex biochemical processes, the plasma-dependent production of reactive species within various target cells and different cellular responses by plasma treatment should be examined carefully. In order to extend therapeutic application of plasma to cancer treatment, some previous observations[25,26,27,28] that cancer cells are more susceptible to plasma-induced effects than normal cells require further verification on multiple cell lines and for various plasma sources. In order to enhance RONS generation while minimizing the effects of charged particles and UV radiation, CAP jets were fabricated and utilized for plasma treatment on normal and cancer cells. The first aim of this study was to demonstrate that novel CAP jets can induce the overproduction of RONS and apoptosis mainly in cancer cells, providing a therapeutic selectivity between normal and cancer cells.
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