Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet as a Possible Adjuvant Therapy for Periodontal Disease.

Gabriela De Morais Gouvêa Lima,Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer,Konstantin Georgiev Kostov,Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito,Aline Chiodi Borges,Gabriela De Fatima Santana-Melo,Thalita Mayumi Castaldelli Nishime

doi:10.3390/molecules26185590

Gabriela De Morais Gouvêa Lima, Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185590

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Abstract

Due to the limitations of traditional periodontal therapies, and reported cold atmospheric plasma anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial activities, plasma could be an adjuvant therapy to periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis was grown in blood agar. Standardized suspensions were plated on blood agar and plasma-treated for planktonic growth. For biofilm, dual-species Streptococcus gordonii + P. gingivalis biofilm grew for 48 h and then was plasma-treated. XTT assay and CFU counting were performed. Cytotoxicity was accessed immediately or after 24 h. Plasma was applied for 1, 3, 5 or 7 min. In vivo: Thirty C57BI/6 mice were subject to experimental periodontitis for 11 days. Immediately after ligature removal, animals were plasma-treated for 5 min once—Group P1 (n = 10); twice (Day 11 and 13)—Group P2 (n = 10); or not treated—Group S (n = 10). Mice were euthanized on day 15. Histological and microtomography analyses were performed. Significance level was 5%. Halo diameter increased proportionally to time of exposure contrary to CFU/mL counting. Mean/SD of fibroblasts viability did not vary among the groups. Plasma was able to inhibit P. gingivalis in planktonic culture and biofilm in a cell-safe manner. Moreover, plasma treatment in vivo, for 5 min, tends to improve periodontal tissue recovery, proportionally to the number of plasma applications.

Highlights

Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifactorial infectious-inflammatory condition that involves a wide range of microorganisms colonizing periodontium
As oxygen species can influence on microorganism inactivation and at the same time As an inflammatory disease, periodontitis a background of oxidative stressonthat, be harmful to host cells, their precise balance inhas periodontal environment may help according to host response, leads to tissue destruction or no tissue destruction
As oxygen species can influence on microorganism inactivation and at the same time be harmful to host cells, their precise balance in periodontal environment may help on periodontitis treatment

Summary

Introduction

Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifactorial infectious-inflammatory condition that involves a wide range of microorganisms colonizing periodontium. It is influenced by host conditions and external factors that, together, can lead to a shift in the microbial population starting a local inflammatory reaction that activates the immunologic system, proteases, and osteoclasts, causing tissue destruction [1,2]. Periodontal disease affects 20–50% of the population, being the major cause of tooth loss. Severe PD (4 mm + pocket depth) is more prevalent in older people and in high-income countries due to an increase in life expectation and maintenance of natural teeth [3]. P. gingivalis’ ability to influence host immune response is

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