Abstract
ImportanceCohort studies could not only reveal associations between change of refractive components and onset/progression of myopia, but also risk factors, which is important for understanding mechanism and providing strategies.BackgroundPrevalence of myopia is high in Shanghai, being reported to be 52.2% in children aged 10 years old.DesignCohort study.ParticipantsA total of 1856 students from six randomly selected primary schools in Baoshan District, Shanghai.MethodsChildren underwent comprehensive ocular measurement, including axial length (AL), corneal curvature radius and cycloplegic auto‐refraction. Questionnaires about eye usage time were collected. Grade 1 students were followed for 4 years, and grade 2 and 3 students for 2 years.Main Outcome Measures(i) Change of spherical equivalent (SE) and AL and (ii) risk factors for progression and incidence of myopia.ResultsThe average 2‐year progress of SE was 0.91D, 0.91D and 1.11D for grade 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and the average elongation of AL was 0.70 mm, 0.64 mm and 0.71 mm, respectively. Only parental myopia, but not near work time, near work diopter time, outdoor activity time or attending tutoring classes, was associated with myopia incidence and progression in the present population. Using baseline SE could be a simple and effective indicator for myopia prediction.Conclusions and RelevanceIncidence and progression of myopia is relatively high in schoolchildren in Shanghai compared with children of Western countries, East Asia and other parts of China. Effective strategies to control myopia prevalence are in urgent need.
Highlights
In 2000, there were 1.41 billion people with myopia globally, and among them 0.16 billion with high myopia (SE ≤ −5.0D)
Incidence and progression of myopia is relatively high in schoolchildren in Shanghai compared with children of Western countries, East Asia and other parts of China
Effective strategies to control myopia prevalence are in urgent need
Summary
In 2000, there were 1.41 billion people with myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤−0.5D) globally, and among them 0.16 billion with high myopia (SE ≤ −5.0D). It is estimated that up to 2050, there will be 4.76 billion people with myopia and 938 million with high myopia, accounting for 50% and 10% of the world population.[1]. Myopia can impair vision if not fully corrected, and high myopia carries an increased risk of several blinding diseases such as glaucoma, retinal detachment and myopic retinopathy.[2]. Myopic retinopathy has become one of the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment and blindness among adult population in many regions of the world.[3–6]. The prevalence of myopia is especially high for East-Asian children, as reported in our previous study, the prevalence was 52.2% in the 10-year-old schoolchildren in Shanghai, China.[7]. Finding risk factors of myopia for children is especially important. Prevalence of myopia is high in Shanghai, being reported to be 52.2% in children aged 10 years old
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