Abstract
The impact response of HMX/Estane, a Polymer Bonded Explosive (PBX), is analyzed under two-dimensional plane-strain conditions using a cohesive finite element method (CFEM). The framework enables the consideration of arbitrary microstructures. The binder polymer is modeled as a viscoelastic material. The dependence of elastic modulus on temperature across the glass transition temperature Tg (= 233 K) is considered in the constitutive framework. Also, the HMX crystals are assumed to be elastic under the conditions analyzed. Cohesive elements are implemented throughout the microstructure, allowing explicit tracking of arbitrary crack paths through each constituent or interfaces between the constituents. A contact algorithm used to track and account for the interactions between failed crack surfaces. The simulations capture the failure characteristics observed experimentally at temperatures ranging from below to above Tg of the polymer.
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