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Abstract
The high attrition rates of anti-cancer drugs during clinical development remains a bottleneck problem in pharmaceutical industry. This is partially due to the lack of quantitative, selective, and rapid readouts of anti-cancer drug activity in situ with high resolution. Although fluorescence microscopy has been commonly used in oncology pharmacological research, fluorescent labels are often too large in size for small drug molecules, and thus may disturb the function or metabolism of these molecules. Such challenge can be overcome by coherent Raman scattering microscopy, which is capable of chemically selective, highly sensitive, high spatial resolution, and high-speed imaging, without the need of any labeling. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy has tremendously improved the understanding of pharmaceutical materials in the solid state, pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drugs and nanocarriers in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the latest applications of coherent Raman scattering microscopy as a new emerging platform to facilitate oncology pharmacokinetic research.
Highlights
Tremendous efforts have been made to promote anti-cancer drug development (Falzone et al, 2018) (Nass et al, 2018), the high attrition rates of anti-cancer drugs during clinical development remains a bottleneck problem in pharmaceutical industry (Liu et al, 2017)
Fluorescence microscopy has been commonly used in oncology pharmacological research, fluorescent labels are often large in size relative to small drug molecules, and may perturb the activity of these drug molecules
Despite that spontaneous Raman microscopy has been used in oncology pharmacokinetic research (Gala and Chauhan 2015), small cross section of Raman scattering makes it difficult to acquire strong enough signals for fast chemical imaging, which significantly hinders its application in dynamic readouts of anti-cancer drug activity in situ
Summary
The high attrition rates of anti-cancer drugs during clinical development remains a bottleneck problem in pharmaceutical industry. Fluorescence microscopy has been commonly used in oncology pharmacological research, fluorescent labels are often too large in size for small drug molecules, and may disturb the function or metabolism of these molecules. Such challenge can be overcome by coherent Raman scattering microscopy, which is capable of chemically selective, highly sensitive, high spatial resolution, and high-speed imaging, without the need of any labeling.
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