Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy can provide high resolution, high speed, high sensitivity, and non-invasive imaging of specific biomolecules without labeling. In this review, we first introduce the principle of CARS microscopy, and then discuss its configuration, including that of the laser source and the multiplex CARS system. Finally, we introduce the applications of CARS in biomedicine and materials, and its future prospects.
Highlights
Raman scattering was named after its discoverer C
In spite of the fact that coherent Raman scattering processes could be excited by femtosecond pulses, this resulted in decreased signal levels, broader spectral resolution, and higher intensity non-resonant background signals
The results show that the physical disturbance of free fatty acids to the cancer cell membrane in lipid rich tumors is related to tumor metastasis
Summary
Raman scattering was named after its discoverer C. Raman spectroscopy obviates the need for chemical labeling when obtaining chemical information, so that the biological functional characteristics of the sample can be studied without chemical interference It has many advantages, spontaneous Raman scattering is a very weak second-order radiative process. When the frequency difference between the two beams of light corresponds to a chemical bond vibrational frequency of the target sample, four simultaneous coherent Raman processes will occur. These processes are coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering at the frequency (ωp − ωs) + ωp, coherent Stokes Raman scattering at the frequency ωp − (ωp − ωs), stimulated Raman gain at ωs, and stimulated Raman loss at ωp. Stimulated Raman gain and stimulated Raman loss are both employed in another
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