Coherent and incoherent coupling dynamics in a two-dimensional atomic crystal embedded in a plasmon-induced magnetic resonator

Abstract

Strong light-matter interaction realized by an individual nanoparticle with large coupling energy has attracted much interest due to its great importance in both fundamental quantum science research and potential applications in quantum information devices. We theoretically investigate the strong coupling between a plasmon-induced magnetic resonance supported by a single nanorod and excitons in a two-dimensional atomic crystal. We demonstrate a record of Rabi splitting over $220\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ at ambient condition with the involvement of only a few excitons. Importantly, a full quantum model is established to quantitatively describe the coherent and incoherent coupling dynamics of the hybrid modes. We reveal that the extra repopulation/depopulation of high-energy/low-energy polariton states induced by the incoherent coupling process is the microscopic origin of the subradiance/superradiance of the hybrid modes. In particular, large incoherent coupling strength can lead to not only the drastic population accumulation, but also the great enhancement of the scattering intensity in a high-energy polariton state, which is expected to hold promise for realizing polariton lasing without population inversion, as well as for other quantum optics applications.