Coherence from fluorescence correlations: Oscillatory femtosecond fluorescence in pentacene/p-terphenyl

Abstract

Spontaneous fluorescence has been used to measure the coherent femtosecond response of the organic, binary crystal pentacene/p-terphenyl. By using two-pulse excitation with phase-randomized pulses in an interferometric setup and analyzing the variance of the fluctuating intensity of correlated fluorescence photons, femtosecond beatings have been observed. The pattern of these terahertz oscillations is strongly dependent on the detuning frequency range of the exciting pulses, but is rather invariant with regard to the spectral position of the fluorescence probe window. In the interferometric regime of freely propagating pulses novel, ultrafast fluorescence carrier-wave oscillations superimposed to the beat structure have been obtained. The oscillatory signals evolve from a coherent superposition of optical free induction decays, caused by the different electronic transition energies of the pentacene absorber sites O1, O2, O3, and O4, respectively, are monitored as intrinsic, heterodyne beats by the fluorescence square detector. The major part of oscillations is thus considered to result from typical polarization interferences, but vibrational quantum beats are also extractable from the interferogram in the ultimate frequency regime of the pentacene S0→S1ν=1, S0→S1ν=2 resonances. The early picosecond-decay of the fluorescence beats reveals the mechanism of the loss of coherence to be mainly controlled by inhomogeneous dephasing at low phonon temperatures. A model of uncoupled two-level systems that includes Gaussian inhomogeneous broadening of the individual absorber sites and a Gaussian frequency distribution for the excitation pulses can account for the experimental data, quite adequately.