Abstract
In the aftermath of a traumatic experience such as an assault, a natural disaster, a tragic accident, or war, the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common occurrence. Epidemiological data estimate lifetime prevalence of PTSD from 1.0 percent (Helzer, Robins, and McEvoy, 1987) to 12.3 percent (Resick et al., 1993). However, most epidemiological studies of PTSD have focused on specific types of extreme events and examined the prevalence of PTSD among those subjected to that particular trauma. For example, Resick et al. (1993) found that 32 percent of female robbery victims met criteria for lifetime prevalence of PTSD. For war trauma, the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) (Kulka et al., 1988) found a 30.9 percent lifetime prevalence of PTSD in male Vietnam veterans. For other traumas such as natural disasters and motor vehicle accidents, similar prevalence rates of PTSD can also be found (e.g., Green et al., 1990; McFarlane and Papay, 1992; Shore, Vollmer, and Tatum, 1989; Taylor and Koch, 1995). Given the high rates of resulting PTSD from a variety of traumatic events, the development of efficacious and cost-effective treatments has become imperative.
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