Abstract
Remotely sensed images are important sources of information for a range of spatial problems. Air photo interpretation emerged as a discipline in response to the need to develop a systematic method for analysis of reconnaissance photographs during World War I. Remote sensing research has focused on the development of automated methods of image analysis, shifting focus away from human interpretation processes. However, automated methods are far from perfect and human interpretation remains an important component of image analysis. One important source of information concerning human image interpretation process is textual guides written within the discipline. These early texts put more emphasis than more recent texts, on the details of the interpretation process, the role of the human in the process, and the cognitive skills involved. In the research reported here, we use content analysis to evaluate the discussion of air photo interpretation in historical texts published between 1922 and 1960. Results indicate that texts from this period emphasized the documentation of relationships between perceptual cues and images features of common interest while reasoning skill and knowledge were discussed less so. The results of this analysis provide a framework of expert image skills needed to perform image interpretation tasks. The framework is useful for informing the design of semi-automated tools for performing analysis.
Highlights
Sensed images are rich sources of spectral, spatial, and temporal data about the earth’s surface
This literature is a good starting point for determining the skills and knowledge valued by expert image analysts, and it is the goal of this paper to determine what perceptual cues, reasoning skills, and types of knowledge were valued by early experts
The remaining processes, judgment (n = 3) and detection (n = 6) were coded less than 10 times across all of the texts. Both of these processes are very similar to processes of signification and identification, and it is possible that authors considered them as parts of those processes. These results provide important insights regarding the importance of human factors to those working in the field of air photo interpretation
Summary
Sensed images are rich sources of spectral, spatial, and temporal data about the earth’s surface. Sensed images from space borne and airborne sensors are becoming increasingly available to the general public for knowledge acquisition and problem-solving These non-experts are even being integrated into roles traditionally held by expert image analysts within the domains of environmental monitoring campaigns and disaster response [4,5]. Literature in air photo interpretation and remote sensing stressed the need for specialized skills and knowledge, and the distinction between expert and novice. This literature is a good starting point for determining the skills and knowledge valued by expert image analysts, and it is the goal of this paper to determine what perceptual cues, reasoning skills, and types of knowledge were valued by early experts
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