Abstract
BackgroundFunctional transcanial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) is a convenient approach to examine cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in major cerebral arteries.MethodsIn this study, the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was insonated on both sides, that is, right ACA (R-ACA) and left ACA (L-ACA). The envelope signals (the maximum velocity) and the raw signals were analyzed during cognitive processes, i.e. word-generation tasks, geometric tasks and resting state periods separating each task. Data which were collected from 20 healthy participants were used to investigate the changes and the hemispheric functioning while performing cognitive tasks. Signal characteristics were analyzed in time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain.ResultsSignificant results have been obtained through the use of both classic/modern methods (i.e. envelope/raw, time and frequency/information-theoretic and time-frequency domains). The frequency features extracted from the raw signals highlighted sex effects on cerebral blood flow which revealed distinct brain response during each process and during resting periods. In the time-frequency analysis, the distribution of wavelet energies on the envelope signals moved around the low frequencies during mental processes and did not experience any lateralization during cognitive tasks.ConclusionsEven if no lateralization effects were noticed during resting-state, verbal and geometric tasks, understanding CBFV in ACA during cognitive tasks could complement information extracted from cerebral blood flow in middle cerebral arteries during similar cognitive tasks (i.e. sex effects).
Highlights
Functional transcanial Doppler ultrasound is a convenient approach to examine cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in major cerebral arteries
Feature values for the raw and the envelope signals are displayed in tables in the form of according to experimental conditions: the 45-seconds resting-state is indicated by a “R”, the word-generating task is indicated by a “W” and the geometric task is indicated by a “G” in the
No effect of handedness was found on time domain features while the sex effects were exhibited on the R-anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and left ACA (L-ACA) raw and envelope signals
Summary
Functional transcanial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) is a convenient approach to examine cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in major cerebral arteries. Previous publications have examined the effects of visual perception [16, 17], auditory perception [18, 19], language processes [20, 21], spatial processes [22, 23], memory processes [24], other cognitive/mental tasks and other neurological disorders [13, 25, 26] on cerebral blood flow using fTCD. These publications pointed that the main advantages of a fTCD system include its price, easiness-to-use and its minimally stressful character [27]
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