Cognitive styles affect choice response time and accuracy

Abstract

This study explores the impact of cognitive styles (CS) on performance of tapping and a serial choice response task (SCRT). The Group Embedded Figure Test categorized 80 young adults into three CS groups: field-dependent (FD), field-independent (FI), and neutral (NU). In each block of SCRT, visual, auditory, or both stimuli were presented on a computer screen. Using a computer mouse, participants pointed the curser at the corresponding target on the monitor and clicked it quickly and accurately. The choice responses of the FDs were slower and less accurate than those of the FIs and NUs. The FDs were more sensitive to changes in stimulus modality than the FIs and NUs. Similar response characteristics were observed for both NUs and FIs. Tapping speed was not significantly different between CS groups. The findings suggest that CSs affect the processes of choice motor responses. The effects of CSs on motor performance are likely in the perceptual level rather than in the motor level. Potential mechanisms mediating perception and motor control are discussed relative to individual differences in internal or external referencing.