Abstract
BackgroundElectronic learning (e-learning) through mobile technology represents a novel way to teach emergent otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (ORL-HNS) disorders to undergraduate medical students. Whether a cognitive style of education combined with learning modules can impact learning outcomes and satisfaction in millennial medical students is unknown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of cognitive styles and learning modules using mobile e-learning on knowledge gain, competence gain, and satisfaction for emergent ORL-HNS disorders.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial included 60 undergraduate medical students who were novices in ORL-HNS at an academic teaching hospital. The cognitive style of the participants was assessed using the group embedded figures test. The students were randomly assigned (1:1) to a novel interactive multimedia (IM) group and conventional Microsoft PowerPoint show (PPS) group matched by age, sex, and cognitive style. The content for the gamified IM module was derived from and corresponded to the textbook-based learning material of the PPS module (video lectures). The participants were unblinded and used fully automated courseware containing the IM or PPS module on a 7-inch tablet for 100 min. Knowledge and competence were assessed using multiple-choice questions and multimedia situation tests, respectively. Each participant also rated their global satisfaction.ResultsAll of the participants (median age 23 years, range 22-26 years; 36 males and 24 females) received the intended intervention after randomization. Overall, the participants had significant gains in knowledge (median 50%, interquartile range [IQR]=17%-80%, P<.001) and competence (median 13%, IQR=0%-33%, P=.006). There were no significant differences in knowledge gain (40%, IQR=13%-76% vs 60%, IQR=20%-100%, P=.42) and competence gain (0%, IQR= −21% to 38% vs 25%, IQR=0%-33%, P=.16) between the IM and PPS groups. However, the IM group had a higher satisfaction score (8, IQR=6-9 vs 6, IQR=4-7, P=.01) compared with the PPS group. Using Friedman’s two-way nonparametric analysis of variance, cognitive styles (field-independent, field-intermediate, or field-dependent classification) and learning modules (IM or PPS) had significant effects on both knowledge gain (both adjusted P<.001) and satisfaction (both adjusted P<.001).ConclusionsMobile e-learning is an effective modality to improve knowledge of emergent ORL-HNS in millennial undergraduate medical students. Our findings suggest the necessity of developing various modules for undergraduate medical students with different cognitive styles.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02971735; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02971735 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6waoOpCEV)
Highlights
Introduction eLearning Can Provide an Opportunity for Active Self-Directed LearningThe large investment involved in undergraduate medical education (UME) for students and society has led medical schools worldwide to seek strategies and methods to improve their students’ progress [1,2,3]
There were no significant differences in knowledge gain (40%, interquartile range multiple-choice questions (MCQs) (IQR)=13%-76% vs 60%, IQR=20%-100%, P=.42) and competence gain (0%, IQR= −21% to 38% vs 25%, IQR=0%-33%, P=.16) between the interactive multimedia (IM) and PowerPoint show (PPS) groups
Our findings suggest the necessity of developing various modules for undergraduate medical students with different cognitive styles
Summary
Introduction eLearning Can Provide an Opportunity for Active Self-Directed LearningThe large investment involved in undergraduate medical education (UME) for students and society has led medical schools worldwide to seek strategies and methods to improve their students’ progress [1,2,3]. Learning Can Provide an Opportunity for Active Self-Directed Learning. Innovative curricula, quality of teaching, and primary care education are three major issues in UME [4,7], and novel UME should empower undergraduate medical students to use different learning strategies and learn outside the classroom by promoting self-directed learning [8]. Electronic learning (e-learning) can provide an opportunity for active self-directed learning and the dissemination of knowledge in an interactive fashion [9]. Electronic learning (e-learning) through mobile technology represents a novel way to teach emergent otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (ORL-HNS) disorders to undergraduate medical students. Whether a cognitive style of education combined with learning modules can impact learning outcomes and satisfaction in millennial medical students is unknown
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