Abstract
There are two different types of primary users (natural acoustic and artificial acoustic), and there is a long propagation delay for acoustic links in underwater cognitive acoustic networks (UCANs). Thus, the selection of a stable route is one of the key design factors for improving overall network stability, thereby reducing end-to-end delay. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a novel approach that improves network intelligence. To this end, we propose a novel SDN-based routing protocol for UCANs in order to find a stable route between source and destination. A main controller is placed in a surface buoy that is responsible for the global view of the network, whereas local controllers are placed in different autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that are responsible for a localized view of the network. The AUVs have fixed trajectories, and sensor nodes within transmission range of the AUVs serve as gateways to relay the gathered information to the controllers. This is an SDN-based underwater communications scheme whereby two nodes can only communicate when they have a consensus about a common idle channel. To evaluate our proposed scheme, we perform extensive simulations and improve network performance in terms of end-to-end delay, delivery ratio, and overhead.
Highlights
The underwater acoustic network (UAN) is a form of advanced technology that allows the communication among different acoustic users to deal with various applications that cover ranges from the depths of the ocean to its surface
The software-defined networking (SDN) is applied for the first time using a combination of a cognitive capability and a routing technique in order to overcome the problems of limited services altogether due to application constraints, spectrum scarcity, and high latency
We propose a cognitive routing protocol for software-defined underwater acoustic networks
Summary
The underwater acoustic network (UAN) is a form of advanced technology that allows the communication among different acoustic users to deal with various applications that cover ranges from the depths of the ocean to its surface. Safe and stable communications have become a great challenge in the underwater environment To address these issues, a new technique is required that simultaneously considers spectrum sensing and routing for underwater networks. Sci. 2017, 7, 1312 issues in underwater networks [3] because it can utilize the spectrum in an environmentally friendly manner (i.e., avoiding harmful interference with natural acoustic systems) and in an efficient manner (i.e., providing high spectrum utilization) For this purpose, a sensing technique is required to detect the presence/absence of the primary user (PU), thereby ensuring that PU activity is safeguarded. The SDN is applied for the first time using a combination of a cognitive capability and a routing technique in order to overcome the problems of limited services altogether due to application constraints, spectrum scarcity, and high latency.
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