Cognitive radio paradigm and recent trends of antenna systems in the UWB 3.1–10.6 GHz

Abstract

This article mainly focuses on the concept of cognitive radio paradigm in the ultra-wideband 3.1–10.6 GHz and recent trends of various antenna systems required for these applications. This paper also presents the working principle of cognitive radio model and the importance of UWB 3.1–10.6 GHz technology for various wireless communication applications. In the cognitive radio model, ultra-wideband antennas are employed for free channels identification and reconfigurable narrow band antennas for communication. Based on the utilization of different UWB and narrow band antennas, the antennas are divided into four distinct categories. The first category covers individual UWB and narrow band antennas. The second category includes reconfigurable UWB/NB antennas. The third category consists of dual-port integrated UWB and NB antennas. The fourth category comprise of multi-port integrated UWB and NB antennas. So, this paper reports all the four categories of ultra-wideband and frequency reconfigurable narrow band antennas clearly. It also focuses on the recent trends in these antennas. Moreover, it discusses about the comparison study of various antennas and their characteristics. Furthermore, a discussion on hardware working principle and its implementation is presented. The hardware realization is presented using arbitrary waveform generator, real-time signal analyzer, software defined radio platforms, field programmable gate arrays and universal software radio peripheral.