Cognitive profile, psychopathological symptoms, and quality of life in newly diagnosed pediatric epilepsy: A six-month, naturalistic follow-up study

Abstract

Long-term studies indicated changes in aspects of cognition, psychopathology, and quality of life (QOL) in children and adolescents followed up after the diagnosis of epilepsy. However, evidence is limited regarding what happens during the first few months after epilepsy is diagnosed because at this phase is possible to adjust and/or change an AED regimen or add other treatment interventions, if needed. This is a naturalistic, six months follow-up study that evaluated changes in overall cognitive profiles, levels of psychopathological symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in newly diagnosed, uncomplicated pediatric epilepsy. In total, 61 (35 [57.4%] males) children and adolescents aged 7–18 years were assessed at the time of diagnosis and the initiation of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment and six months afterward. The Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form for typically developing children and adolescents (NCBRF), KIDSCREEN-10 Quality of Life Measure, and Adverse Event Profile (AEP) were used. The RCADS and NCBRF scores significantly increased over time, while the KIDSCREEN-10 scores significantly decreased. The most significant increases were observed in scores measuring social phobia and depressive symptoms and inattentiveness. Verbal cognitive abilities and full-scale intelligence scores changed slightly, while more changes were found in aspects of non-verbal cognitive abilities. This study showed that six months after epilepsy diagnosis and AED initiation, there were marked increases in anxiety levels, depressive symptoms, and behavioral problems, with deteriorations in QOL, while cognitive changes were relatively minimal. Therefore, monitoring levels of psychopathological symptoms and QOL in newly diagnosed epilepsy is highly recommended.