Cognitive processes and collective representations

Abstract

Anthropologists typically adopt the assumption of psychic unity: man universally exhibits the same fundamental cognitive processes. Hence, any apparent heterogeneity in collective representations may not be explained by psychological postulates. On the basis of recent cross-cultural studies of cognitive processes, we move beyond this standard anthropological assumption, arguing that there is cultural variability in the mode of thinking which is elaborated in specific conceptual domains. We shall also reject, however, the traditional alternatives to the assumption of psychic unity: the hypothesis that there is a pervasive mode of primitive thought or that in the course of history the intellect has marched through general stages of thinking.