Abstract
Programming teaching plays an important role in developing cognitive thinking skills that are considered to be among 21st century skills, such as problem solving, critical thinking, reflective and analytical thinking. However, it is considered to be a difficult and complex process due to its abstract structure. In this context, it is important to identify the factors that affect the process of the programming teaching and to develop solutions for these factors. Cognitive factors are the leading factors among them. In this context, the aim of the research is to examine the experiences of students and instructors regarding the cognitive problems they face during the process of programming teaching. Content analysis method was used to examine the experiences of students and instructors. The participants of the research consisted of 14 undergraduate students and 4 instructors selected through purposive sampling method Interviews, reflective student diaries, observer reports and semi-structured focus group interviews were used as data collection tools. It is thought that the cognitive problems determined regarding the process of programming teaching will contribute to the studies aimed at developing programming skills.
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