Abstract
Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are early- onset neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive deficits. The current study represents the first attempt to compare these groups on a comprehensive cognitive test battery in a longitudinal design over 25 years in order to enhance our knowledge of particular patterns resulting from the interaction between normal maturational processes and different illness processes of these disorders. In the baseline study, 19 adolescents with schizophrenia were compared to 20 adolescents with ADHD and 30 healthy controls (HC), all between 12 and 18 years of age. After 13 years (T2) and after 25 years (T3) they were re-evaluated with the cognitive test battery. A cognitive Composite Score was used in a linear mixed model. The EOS group had a significant cognitive stagnation or deterioration from T1 to T2 compared to HC. However, the EOS group had the most positive change from T2 to T3, supporting a stable level of cognitive performance over the 25 year span. The ADHD group improved or had similar development as the HC group from T1 to T2. They continued to improve significantly compared to the HC group from T2 to T3. Individuals in the EOS group performed more impaired on the cognitive composite score compared to the HC group and the ADHD group at all three time points. Results might indicate a neurodevelopmental pathway of EOS with subnormal cognitive development specific in adolescence. In comparison, the ADHD group had a more consistent cognitive maturation supporting a maturational delay hypothesis of ADHD.
Highlights
Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two different disorders, which are considered to have dissimilar etiologies, prognoses, and treatment programs
A better understanding of the similarities and differences in the maturation of cognitive function in individuals with EOS and ADHD compared to healthy controls (HC) may enhance our knowledge of particular patterns resulting from the interaction between normal maturational processes and different illness processes of these disorders (Barr, 2001)
Most research indicates that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive impairments that stabilize after illness onset or improve following the first episode of psychosis in adult patients (Rund et al, 2016; Van Haren et al, 2019)
Summary
Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two different disorders, which are considered to have dissimilar etiologies, prognoses, and treatment programs. Both are viewed as early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders often persisting throughout the life span (Owen et al, 2011). Few studies have investigated whether the two groups differ with regard to how cognitive functions develop from adolescence into adult years. Most research indicates that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive impairments that stabilize after illness onset or improve following the first episode of psychosis in adult patients (Rund et al, 2016; Van Haren et al, 2019)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
