Abstract
Commentary on contributions to a special issue of Language and Literature addressing metaphor identification focuses on the relationship between the writers' common approach to metaphors & that of cognitive semantics, ie, the tradition springing from G. Lakoff & M. Johnson's Metaphors We Live By (1980). Three levels of metaphor are distinguished by ontological status relative to language users: a supra-individual level of decontextualized metaphorical expressions ; an individual level of online thought at which the metaphor identification project espoused by the writers is situated & metaphorical propositions are fruitfully analyzed ; & a sub-individual level that involves embodiment, preconceptual structures, & motivation. Although work at the individual level brings a valuable new dimension to the cognitive approach to metaphor, a typology of metaphors based on the notion of proposition must engage with J. Grady's (1999) typology of metaphor at the sub-individual level.
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