Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by long-term airflow limitation. Early-onset COPD in non-smoker subjects is ≥60 years and in the elderly is often associated with different comorbidities. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common feature in patients with COPD, and is associated with COPD severity and comorbidities. Cognitive impairment in COPD enhances the assistance requirement in different aspects of daily living, treatment adherence, and effectual self-management.This review describes various bioactive compounds of natural marine sources that modulate different targets shared by both COPD and cognitive impairment and hypothesizes a possible link between these two syndromes.
Highlights
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes chronic airflow limitation, breathlessness, exercise intolerance, cough, difficulty with daily activities, infections, andhospitalization [1]
COPD occurring at an earlier age than expected may result from the interaction of inherited factors and environmental exposures [5]
The National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) assumes that the decline in multiple domains, and single non-memory domain subtypes, are greater than would be expected considering the patient’s age, gender, and educational background [14]
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes chronic airflow limitation, breathlessness, exercise intolerance, cough, difficulty with daily activities, infections, and (re)hospitalization [1]. The onset of the disease is complex; multiple causes beyond smoking contribute to the development of COPD, such as environmental exposure, age-related degenerative changes, and genetic factors [4]. COPD occurring at an earlier age than expected may result from the interaction of inherited factors and environmental exposures [5]. The greatest risk for a-MCI and NA-MCI is among individuals with a duration of COPD longer than 5 years [6]. Mar. Drugs 2018, 16, 313 bring to light the importance of COPD as a risk factor for a-MCI and NA-MCI, highlighting the need for early intervention, to prevent or delay MCI onset and/or progression
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