Abstract
BackgroundMultiple sclerosis is an insidious, disabling, both physically and mentally, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This work aims to evaluate relationships between cognitive impairment in separate domains, depression and their correspondence with MRI-findings, as well as the influence on each other’s manifestations, in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis.ResultsVisual–spatial/executive functions and memory domains suffered more frequently than others in the study subjects under 40 years; in patients over 40 years old memory, visual–spatial/executive functions and abstract thinking impairment prevailed the most. Such cognitive domains as memory, language, abstract thinking, visual–spatial and executive functions were impacted in both groups of patients even without the apparent cognitive decline according to MoCA scale. Presence of depression impacted language and attention more prominently than the rest of the domains only in participants younger 40 years. According to the MRI, frontal lobe, corpus callosum and periventricular area were affected more often compared to other brain regions in case of cognitive impairment; meanwhile, combined lesions of frontal lobe and corpus callosum, fronto-temporal region were associated with depression.ConclusionCognitive impairment and depression are one of the common, yet disabling and socially disrupting manifestations of MS. Quite frequently such complaints are neglected or considered as parts of comorbidities. At the same time cognitive impairment can be amplified by depression, especially in patients under 40 years.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis is an insidious, disabling, both physically and mentally, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
According to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-findings, lesions of the Parietal lobe (PL), BA and combination of frontal lobe (FL) and BA were more frequently found in patients of the group B compared to the participants of the group A (p < 0.05) (Table 2)
We discovered that several cognitive domains were affected in patients in both groups without the cognitive impairment (CI) according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, though we cannot state that these changes will lead to the future deterioration of Multiple sclerosis (MS) in these individuals, its needs further observations
Summary
Multiple sclerosis is an insidious, disabling, both physically and mentally, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This work aims to evaluate relationships between cognitive impairment in separate domains, depression and their correspondence with MRI-findings, as well as the influence on each other’s manifestations, in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifaceted chronic inflammatory autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which relatively rapidly leads to a severe long-term disability of a significant number of working-age population (2.8 million people worldwide) due to the impact of the neurological and motor deficit along with cognitive impairment (CI) and Cognitive as well as neuropsychological deficit can be predicted already on preclinical stages (clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS)) by the localization of lesions. The relationships between CI, depression and MR-findings, as the associations between one another, in relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients are not studied to the full extent
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