Cognitive Function Is a Prognostic Factor for Mortality of Nursing Home Residents during a 3-Year Observational Period

Abstract

Introduction: Assessing cognitive function could help to provide appropriate care for nursing home residents. The aim of the study was to identify the factors affecting cognitive function in nursing home residents in Poland and assess how it influenced the mortality rate during a 3-year observational period. Methods: This study included 202 elderly individuals from a nursing home in 2015. The investigation included examination of cognitive function using the MMSE and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Collected data included sex, age, blood pressure (BP), heart rate, number of comorbidities, years spent in the nursing home, educational level, and cigarette-smoking. Results: The mean MMSE score was 21.36 ± 6.35, which was negatively correlated with age and diastolic BP (p = 0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively) and positively correlated with body mass, BMI, fat-free mass, fat, muscle mass, and education level (p = 0.004, p = 0.004, p = 002, p = 0.049, p = 0.005, and p ˂ 0.001, respectively). Patients who died during the observational period had lower MMSE scores than those who survived (23.34 ± 5.68 vs. 20.16 ± 6.45; p < 0.001). Smokers had better MMSE results than nonsmokers (23.34 ± 5.98 vs. 20.08 ± 4.94; p < 0.001). Discussion: Polish nursing home residents had mild cognitive impairment depending on their age, sex, educational level, and nutritional status. Lower MMSE score was a prognostic factor for mortality in the 3-year observational period.