Cognitive Disorders in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify cognitive disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease
 Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the neurological department of the Regional Clinical Hospital (Odesa) during 2011-2021. 364 patients were diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) on the basis of diagnostic criteria of the British Brain Bank. Clinical and demographic data were studied: age, sex, severity according to the UPDRS scale, stage of the disease according to the Hoen-Yahr scale, the presence of cognitive impairment and their nature. MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination;) and PD-CRS (Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale) were used to study cognitive functions. Statistical processing was performed by analysis of variance, correlation and factor analysis using Statistica 13.0 software (TIBCO, USA).
 Results.
 At the onset of the disease, left lesions were noted in 126 of 364 patients, ie 34.6%, right - 127 (34.9%), the remaining 111 (30.5%) - bilateral lesions. The structure of the disease was dominated by mixed forms. Akinetic-rigid form was observed in 92 (25.3%) cases, trembling - in 27 (7.4%), mixed rigid-trembling in 157 (43.1%) cases, trembling-rigid in 92 (7.4%). Patients with stage 2 and 3 CP were most often registered in 28.6% and 28.0% of cases, respectively. 31 (8.5%) patients had more severe motor disorders (stages 3.5 and 4). Cognitive impairment was detected in a significant number of patients (238 or 45.2%), the mean score on the MMSE scale was 25.3 ± 0.3. Accordingly, on the PD-CRS scale, the average score was 91.2 ± 3.4 points. Subdemental changes were present in 82 (15.6%) patients. Accordingly, mild dementia was found in 15 (2.8%) patients, moderate dementia - in 18 (3.4%).
 Conclusions:
 
 The frequency of detection of cognitive impairment in patients with CP was 45.2% with a mean score on the MMSE scale of 25.3 ± 0.3, and on the PD-CRS scale - 91.2 ± 3.4 points
 Dementia changes were in 82 (15.6%) patients, mild dementia was found in 15 (2.8%) patients, moderate dementia - in 18 (3.4%)
 There is a direct correlation between the age and severity of intellectual disabilities (r = 0.50).
 Self-care disorders are determined by the severity of both motor and cognitive disorders by 72% (R = 0.851; R2 = 0.723; Adjusted R2 = 0.721; F (2.2) = 309; p <10-4; SE = 4.6 ).
 
 Key words: Parkinson's disease, cognitive impairment, quality of life