Abstract
Objective: To describe the prevalence of CC in hypertensive patients and its link to an increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) profile. Design and method: Observational, descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria: hypertensive patients over 18 years old presenting Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Exclusion criteria: motor or sensory difficulties, psychiatric disease, illiteracy. Qualitative variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Chi-square test was used for association analysis. Differences were studied through Student's t-test for independent samples. A significance level of alpha = 0.05 was set. The statistical software used was STATA v.17.0. Results: This study included 111 patients, with a 1:4 women:men rate and an average of 60 years old. Cognitive complaint was present in 45.9% of patients. Of all patients, 81% presented grade 3 arterial hypertension according to 2018 ESC guidelines, 31.5% having been diagnosed at least 20 years prior. 35.1% showed a non-dipper pattern and 45.9% nocturnal hypertension. Around 52.3% of patients had less than 8 years of studies and 33.3% had a MoCA score higher than 23. Dyslipidemia was present in 34.2% of patients, 72.1% were overweight/obese and 36% were smokers. 40.5% of patients had established heart disease (HD). The cognitive complaint patient group was associated with those with non-dipper pattern (p = 0.034), coronary artery disease and ischemic cardiopathy, with p-values of 0.019 and 0.045 respectively. This study observed a link between CC and transient ischemic cerebrovascular stroke (p = 0.027). Out of all patients suffering CC (51), 58.8% (30) presented unaltered MoCA, while association to an altered MoCA was significant (p = 0.039). Conclusions: Cognitive Complaint is related to a cardiovascular risk profile in hypertensive patients. Association with an altered MoCA in patients suffering CC highlights the risk of evolution towards Mild Cognitive Decline and dementia.
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