Abstract
Bradyarrhythmias cause low cerebral blood flow and imbalance of the cerebral autore-gulation, favoring neuronal ischemia and cognitive dysfunction. The main treatment in bradyarrhythmia is pacemaker (PM) implantation, which keeps the heart rate in normal range and increase cardiac output. The present study proposed the cognitive evaluation of PM group patients and a control group (CG), but with similar cardiovascular risk factors. Cognitive assessment has been achieved by applying the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) and Mini Clock for both groups.
Highlights
Cognition is the superior cortical function that generates mental processes involved in knowledge and the outcome of these processes.Cognition includes several functions including short / long-term memory, attention, working memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, speech, visual and spatial ability, functions that can be measured by various neuropsychological tests
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was normal for 65% of the patients, 15% presented mild impairment, 10% moderate impairment, and 10% were with severe impairment
LVEF in the control group was in 70% of cases normal, 15% of cases presented mild impairment, 5% moderate impairment and 10% severe impairment
Summary
Cognition is the superior cortical function that generates mental processes involved in knowledge (attention, perception, memory, reasoning) and the outcome of these processes (associations, images, knowledge, conceptions).Cognition includes several functions including short / long-term memory, attention, working memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, speech, visual and spatial ability, functions that can be measured by various neuropsychological tests. Cognition is the superior cortical function that generates mental processes involved in knowledge (attention, perception, memory, reasoning) and the outcome of these processes (associations, images, knowledge, conceptions). Cognitive decline is often a disregarded subject in clinical activity, very often the patient remain undiagnosed and untreated. This status is seen like a predementia stage where one or more cognitive domains are affected like memory, executive function, language, visuospatial skills, but without affecting the functional abilities. The most common cognitive impairment encountered is memory loss[2]. Dyslipidemia, stroke, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, heart failure as well as bradyarrythmias are considered to be independent risk factors in development of cognitive decline and dementia. Association of 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors increases the risk of dementia by 3.4 times compared to those without risk factors[3,4]
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